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NEW QUESTION # 243
A portfolio approach in which bottom-up analysis is complemented with consideration of ESG factors, resulting in a relatively concentrated portfolio, is best described as:
Answer: C
Explanation:
A discretionary ESG investment strategy is characterized by active selection, where the portfolio manager uses bottom-up analysis complemented with ESG factors to make decisions about individual investments.
This strategy often leads to a concentrated portfolio because of the selective nature of investment choices.
Discretionary ESG strategies differ from index-based or systematic approaches, which are more passive and structured.ESG Reference: Chapter 8, Page 94 - ESG Integrated Portfolio Construction & Management in the ESG textbook.
NEW QUESTION # 244
Which of the following index providers offers fixed-income ESG indexes?
Answer: C
Explanation:
S&P (DJSI) ESG offers various fixed-income ESG indexes, providing benchmarks that integrate ESG considerations into fixed-income investments. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 8, Page 416)
NEW QUESTION # 245
A portfolio manager may need to adopt a more appropriate ESG benchmark rather than a broad market benchmark if the degree of exclusions results in:
Answer: B
Explanation:
A portfolio manager may need to adopt a more appropriate ESG benchmark rather than a broad market benchmark if the degree of exclusions results in high active share and high tracking error. High active share indicates that the portfolio significantly deviates from the benchmark, while high tracking error measures the volatility of these deviations.
High Active Share: Excluding a significant number of securities from the investment universe to align with ESG criteria can lead to a portfolio that is very different from the broad market benchmark. This high active share reflects the extent to which the portfolio composition differs from the benchmark.
High Tracking Error: The deviations from the benchmark can lead to high tracking error, indicating the portfolio's performance can vary significantly from the benchmark. This variability can be a result of the different risk and return characteristics of the excluded securities.
Appropriate ESG Benchmark: To accurately measure performance and risk, it is essential to use a benchmark that reflects the ESG criteria applied in the portfolio. An ESG-specific benchmark would provide a more relevant comparison and better align with the investment strategy.
Reference:
MSCI ESG Ratings Methodology (2022) - Explains the importance of selecting appropriate benchmarks for ESG-focused portfolios to ensure alignment with investment objectives.
ESG-Ratings-Methodology-Exec-Summary (2022) - Discusses the impact of exclusions on portfolio metrics such as active share and tracking error, and the need for suitable ESG benchmarks.
NEW QUESTION # 246
Excluding investment in companies with a history of labor infractions is best categorized as a(n):
Answer: A
Explanation:
Excluding investment in companies with a history of labor infractions is best categorized as a conduct-related exclusion. This type of exclusion focuses on the behavior and practices of companies, particularly in relation to their treatment of employees and adherence to labor standards.
* Behavioral Criteria: Conduct-related exclusions target specific behaviors or practices that are deemed unacceptable, such as labor infractions, human rights violations, or environmental harm.
* Ethical Considerations: These exclusions are based on ethical and social considerations, aiming to avoid investing in companies that do not meet certain standards of conduct.
* Impact on Valuation: By excluding companies with poor labor practices, investors aim to reduce exposure to risks associated with legal liabilities, reputational damage, and operational disruptions.
References:
* MSCI ESG Ratings Methodology (2022) - Explains different types of exclusion criteria, including conduct-related exclusions, and their rationale.
* ESG-Ratings-Methodology-Exec-Summary (2022) - Discusses the importance of considering company behavior in ESG investment strategies.
NEW QUESTION # 247
EU regulators manage the independence of audits for public companies by:
Answer: C
Explanation:
EU Regulation on Audit Independence:
EU regulators have implemented measures to ensure the independence of audits for public companies. One of the key measures is the mandatory rotation of auditors.
1. Auditor Rotation: EU regulations require that audit firms rotate their auditors after a maximum of ten years. This is intended to prevent long-term relationships between auditors and clients that could compromise the independence and objectivity of the audit process.
2. Other Measures:
* Monetary Limit on Advisory Services (Option B): While limiting the extent of advisory services provided by audit firms can help maintain independence, the primary regulatory focus in the EU has been on auditor rotation.
* Preventing Audit Partners from Joining Audit Committees (Option C): This measure could also contribute to audit independence, but it is not the primary mechanism used by EU regulators.
References from CFA ESG Investing:
* Audit Independence Regulations: The CFA Institute details the importance of auditor independence in maintaining the integrity of financial reporting. The EU's requirement for auditor rotation is highlighted as a significant regulatory measure to enhance audit quality and independence.
NEW QUESTION # 248
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